Quercus × turneri Willd.

15 m ; spreading crown, branched from low on the trunk;

4-11cm long, semi-evergreen, weakly toothed near apex, shallowly lobed, leathery, dark lustrous green above, base cuneate; petiole 0.4 to 0.8cm long;

acorns 2cm long, several on a tomentose stalk to 7cm;

– Garden origin, born during the 18th centuty in Essex (Turner’s nurseries); propagation only by grafting; t he cultivar ’Pseudo-turneri ’(also known under other names : Q.austriaca sempervirens , Q.pseudo-turneri Schneid. and Q.aizoon Koehne) is the most often cultivated, with leaves a little larger than the type; – For A.Camus, one can separate 2 species depending on whether ilex dominates robur or vice versa : 1/ ilex > robur = x turneri Willd. 1899 2/ ilex < robur = x pseudoturneri C.K.Schneider 1904 = turneri var. pseudoturneri Elwes and Henry 1910 = x aizoon Koehne 1904 – For Govaerts & Frodin (1998) it is quite different : they distinguish : 1/ Q.x turneri Willd. = Q.‘Turneri’ (the species described above) 2/ Q.x turneri A.DC = Q.x hispanica Lam.(= Q. x crenata Lam. ) = Q.x turneri var. pseudoturneri (C.K.Schneid.) Elwes and Henry = Q.cerris X Q.suber