Quercus hartwissiana Steven

South and East Bulgaria; Asia Minor; The Caucasus; 1000-1500 m;

7-9 m in cultivation, but may reach 35 m;

7-15 x 3.5-9 cm; oblong to oboval; apex obtuse; base obliquely cordate, often auricled;; 5-10 pairs of short, rounded, fairly equal, rather narrow lobes; shiny dark green, glabrous above; paler, scarcely pubescent beneath, specially along midrib; 7-10 secondary veins pairs, parallel, straight; intercalary veins absent or not evident; petiole 2-3 cm long, hairless;

acorn 1.8-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter; sub-ovoid, mucronate; paired or to 5 together on a large peduncle up to 7 cm; cup 1.5-2 cm in diameter, with thick wall, enclosing 1/3 of nut; scales broad, thin, appressed except at tip, whitish tomentose; ripening October;

hardy; all types of soils; very fast-growing at first;

– A. Camus : tome 2, p. 195, n° 154 ; – Sub-genus Quercus, Section Quercus, Series Roburoid; – Identical to Q.roburoides Bér., species vanished today, abundant at Pliocene, “ancestor” of Q.petraea , Q.pubescens and Q.robur .